TFTs are a particular class of semiconductor used in active-matrix LCD displays. Each pixel in TFT LCD displays is controlled by a different semiconductor. They enable fast on/off switching of the electrical current that drives each pixel, reducing reaction time and improving the fluidity of on-screen movements. Computer monitors, TVs, mobile phone screens, and other flat-panel color displays are frequently made of TFT LCDs.

The production procedure is where the term "Thin Film Transistor" originates. A smooth, non-conductive surface is first covered in thin layers of a semiconductor (like amorphous silicon) and insulating components by the maker (like glass). The clear glass surface and an array of transistors are the only things left after extra silicon is chiseled away. These transistor screens are narrow enough to nestle between a liquid crystal layer and a polarized lighting. These devices use an electrical current to organize the liquid crystals in a specific manner to obstruct light. The finished picture is then displayed after the light has passed through additional levels of the screen, such as a color filter and a polarized light filter.

Types of TFT Displays

TFT LCD displays are not all created equal. TFT screens come in a variety of designs, manufactured using various techniques, and with varying levels of efficiency. TN and IPS are the two most prevalent kinds.

Liquid crystals in Twisted Nematic (TN) screens writhe when an electric current is introduced. Polarized light can travel through the crystals in different quantities depending on how they are twisted. The fastest reaction rates are provided by TN screens, which are the most straightforward to manufacture. Though, when observed from an angle, TN panels don't portray hues as precisely as other kinds of panels.

Liquid crystals in In-Plane Switching (IPS) screens don't rotate; instead, they reposition while continuing to be aligned to their initial plane orientation. Polarized light can pass through the crystals in different quantities as they readjust. IPS screens cost more to make than TN panels, use more energy to function, and respond more slowly. Even when observed at an elevation, they are more precise at reproducing color.