It is unclear who invented the first computer. Because the concept of computer is open to interpretation. Technically, a computer can also be considered as a human being to develop computational methods necessary to solve some problems. People have made such developments in order to make their lives easier and to be successful in wars.

But in order to mechanize these calculations, that is, to turn them into machines, it was necessary to wait until the end of the 1800s. The "Brothers William and James Thomson" invented a machine that could perform complex calculations at a particular location. According to some, this differential analyzer (analysis device), which was invented in 1876 and was able to solve differential equations through integration using wheel and disc mechanisms, is considered the first analog computer.

In the 1930s, "Harold Locke Hazen and Vannevar Bush", while working at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), developed a differential analyzer model and invented a machine that could solve different differential problems in a more practical way.

As time progressed, analog machines began to solve differential problems faster than humans. But it still had serious drawbacks. They were designed to do one kind of calculation, and if they were to be used for another, their gears or circuitry had to be changed.

In 1936, the British scientist "Alan Turing" developed a revolutionary idea. In his article describing what constitutes a general-purpose computer and how it should work, theoretically a device would be able to perform any conceivable mathematical calculation by following the instructions. This machine would have unlimited memory, read the data, write the results and store the program with the instructions. Today it is called the Turing Machine, and the programming languages applicable to this machine are called Turing Complete.

"Turing Complete" is a universal concept still used today. If a language has all the features to run any designed program, that language is called "Turing Complete". All modern programming languages today are "Turing Complete". Because they can run all the programs the developer wants to create. What we mean by program here is not Web Programming, mobile programming..etc. Language allows you to write whatever you want. That is, the language encompasses expressions of operators, conditions, loops, etc.

Although Turing determined what a computer should look like in theory, he wasn't the first to put it into practice. In 1941 "Konrad Zuse" built the Z3, the first programmable and automatic digital computer.

There were similar projects going on around the same time in other parts of the world.

The most important of these were the IBM-funded "Harvard Mark I" launched in 1944, the Colossus developed in Great Britain in 1943, and the ENIAC, the first fully functional electronics.

Turing suggested that having a program stored in memory would allow the computer to modify itself much more quickly. Starting from this idea, "J.V.Neumann", while working on the ENIAC project, produced a report that provided a suitable architecture for stored program computing.

The ENIAC project brought the next big leap forward in computing technology. This was the beginning of computers capable of storage. Previously, computers ran with fixed programs and had to be rewired and reconfigured by humans to change their functionality.

Transistors and Integrated Circuit

Although ENIAC and similar projects contributed greatly to the development of computers, they had major problems. The most important of these was that they were slow, needed a lot of energy to work, and took up a lot of space. Since the first computers worked on bulky vacuum tubes, scientists sought to find an alternative to improve processing speeds.

In 1947 a group of scientists at "Bell Telephone Laboratories" developed a new technology called point-contact transistors. Transistors were much smaller than vacuum tubes, were more reliable, and used much less power overall.

William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain, who invented transistors, won the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for breakthroughs in computer and electronic technology.

Leaving there, William Shockley started his own company in what is today called "Silicon Valley" to further develop and commercialize transistor technology. Robert Noyce, one of the employees at his company, was looking for ways to seamlessly combine the transistor and other components in one place. Leaving here, Noyce first established "Fairchild Instrument" with his partner, and "Intel" in 1968.

Like Robert Noyce, "Jack Kilby" was also looking for a formula for grouping electronic circuits in a smaller, single place. Eventually the concept of "Integrated Circuit" (IC) emerged. Today, it is still a matter of debate who invented the integrated circuit.

The invention of the integrated circuit led to the start of the technology era. Further development, "Microprocessors" were invented, consisting of billions of transistors configured with thousands of separate digital circuits, each performing a specific logic function.